Module 1

How did the Industrial Revolution transform British society?

The landowning aristocrats sat high before the industrial revolution happened. Many leased their land out to tenant farmers. They dominated the British Parliament until the Industrial Revolution. As the Industrial Revolution focused more on urban wealth it gave rise to jobs such as businessmen, manufactures, and bankers. These jobs took over as the base of wealth. For Britain's middle class they fared pretty well. The men were wealthy merchants, bankers, and mine owners, doctors, lawyers, and teachers. Politically the men stood as liberals. Women in the middle class lived out the ideology of domesticity. Britain's laboring class were the most harshly affected by the Industrial Revolution. A large number of people in the laboring class were desperate for work. The working conditions that many of the laboring class were subjected to were very harsh. The laboring class worked long hours for low wages. In addition to the long hours and low wages, the laboring class worked under constant supervision and enforced discipline. 

How did Britain's middle classes change during the 19th century?

The majority of the middle class during the 19th century was composed of wealthy factory owners, mine owners, bankers, and merchants. These men were able to buy country houses, achieve seats in Parliament and send their sons to prestige colleges. The men in the middle class status improved so much that Queen Victoria awarded them with titles of nobility. Making up a smaller part of Britain’s middle class. These men had jobs such as doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers, journalists, and scientists. The Reform Bill of 1832 extended the right to vote in men in the middle class but not women. Respectability was the core value during this time for the middle class. The women in the middle class fared slightly well. They were viewed with the ideology of domesticity. To men they were looked at as an emotional outlet for them. They had to be morally centered for their families and teach the idea of respectability. For themselves, women partook in activities such as embroidery, drawing and music.  

What were the differences between industrialization in the United States and that in Russia?
In the United States, people had more free will over their social and economic change. Farmers, workers, and businessmen were free and were able to freely seek opportunities for themselves. However, in Russia, their social and economic change came from within their government. Instead of people seeking change and reinventing themselves, the government initiated change within the state. For example, in the United States people were free to become entrepreneurs. However, in Russia the oligarchy claimed the benefits of those who became entrepreneurs.  Another example of the United States giving their people more free will during the Industrial Revolution was that people could form protests if they felt an injustice. By Russia having a stricter government protest for injustices were looked down upon. 

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